Pictures of the Events in The Ancient Olympics

Stem Cell Research Should Be Continued For Many Reasons

Stem cell research should be continued for many reasons. Stem cell research can help save tissues, organs, and brain cells, it also helps to cure diseases. Looking at the big picture, stem cells could one day save our lives. Stem Cells are multi- cellular putty from which all tissues of the body are made.they have three general properties,. Those being that they are capable of dividing and renewing themselves for long periods of time, they are unspecialized, and they give a rise to unspecialized cell types. Stem cells come from embryos, adult tissue, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord blood. They serve as an internal repair system in the body. So when it comes to the transplant procedure the doctors are infusing healthy cells into your body to replace damaged or diseased bone marrow. Goals of the stem cell transplant depend on the individual situation of the patient. They usually include controlling or curing the disease, extending life, and improving the quality of life. (NIH) There are two main types of stem cells. The first is the Embryonic stem cell. Embryonic stem cells are obviously found in embryos. Human embryonic stem cells are generated by transferring cells from a preimplantation-stage embryo into a plastic laboratory culture dish that contains a nutrient broth known as culture medium. Many people are against embryonic stem cell use because by extracting stem cells from an embryo it destroys it. Also opponents of the research argue that embryonic stem cellShow MoreRelatedThe Use Of Embryonic Stem Cells In Medicine1472 Words   |  6 Pagesdisease? Embryonic Stem Cells can be used to treat many different diseases, but some people have their opinion that using these stem cells in medicine is unethical because they are coming from a human embryo. There are countries that have banned the use of embryonic stem cells in medicine, and in America there are people arguing that it should be banned here. But what about all of the lives that these stem cell s are saving, what if research continues and these embryonic stem cells end up being a cureRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Research1652 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic stem cell research could one day hold the key to many new scientific discoveries if it is continuously funded in the years to come. I chose to base my research around the question, Should embryonic stem cell research be government funded? When I finish highschool I hope to pursue a career in the medical field. Although I wish to become a doctor and may not be directly researching stem cells, they may one day be a treatment that I will have to administer to patients. To answer this questionRead MoreStem Cell Research Should Not Be Allowed1170 Words   |  5 Pagesuse of stem cells. Many people think stem cell research should not be allowed, due to the fact that researchers mostly use stem cells from embryos. But, if an eight year old boy’s life can be extended or even saved through the stem cell surgery, the research using stem cells should continue. In 1978, an important discovery was uncovered in our medical world; stem cells were recognized in human cord blood (Murnaghan, â€Å"History of Stem Cell Research† N.p). With the discovery of stem cells, researchersRead MorePotential Medical Benefits of Embryonic Stem Cells999 Words   |  4 Pagesinvolved many scientific advances and beneficial research. Scientists all over the world have been doing recent studies on embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are the cells that aid the process of child growth while in the womb. These cells have a specific function to reproduce into any body part, such as a heart or major organ to hair or something not so major. Research shows that these cells have many potential medical benefits in the future. Embryonic stem cell research should continueRead MoreBenefits of Stem Cell Research773 Words   |  3 PagesBenefits of Stem Cell research The stem cell research has been controversial issue for several decades; People argue that stem cells are considered as one’s life. Stem cells for research are most often derived from the human embryo. However, Stem cell stage of embryo is not considered as human because it does not have any nerve system or any other organs. â€Å"Should Stem cell research continue?† to answer this question, Stem Cell Research should be continued because a new method of Collecting embryonicRead MoreThe Government Has Not Funded Stem Cell Research1566 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment has not funded stem cell research since 2001 for various reasons, some understandable, others I have to disagree on. I believe stem cell research should be funded by the government because it will advance our knowledge on how to treat and cure certain diseases. Many people, researchers and scientist included, strongly agree that we cannot continue our knowledge and technological advancement without the suppo rt of our own government. Stem cells are special cells that have the ability toRead MoreMorality And Money : Stem Cell Research990 Words   |  4 PagesMoney: Stem Cell Research In 2001, with 22 human embryonic stem cell lines established, President George W. Bush signed legislation which prevented new, additional stem cell lines from being created and tightened restrictions on federal stem cell research funding. This legislation effectively constrained human embryonic stem cell research until 2009, when President Barack Obama reversed Bush’s legislation and relaxed the funding criteria. There are now 195 human embryonic stem cell linesRead MoreThe Benefits Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research1184 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Embryonic stem cell research will prolong life, improve life and give hope for life to millions of people.† This quote by Jim Ramstad is about the benefits of Embryonic Stem Cell Research. Stem cells give us many opportunities to find the mechanisms that help regulate embryonic development, organ maintenance, and cellular differentiation. (Ramalho-Santos and Willenbring 35-38). Embryonic stem cell research has been aro und for many years. It has proven to be very beneficial to the medical world,Read MoreEmbryonic Stem Cell Research Essay1429 Words   |  6 Pagesdisease? Embryonic Stem Cells can be used to treat many different diseases, but some people have their opinion that using these stem cells in medicine is unethical because they are coming from a human embryo. There are countries that have banned the use of embryonic stem cells in medicine, and in America there are people arguing that it should be banned here. But what about all of the lives these stem cells are saving, what if research continues and these embryonic stem cells end up being a cureRead MoreShould Cell Research Be Performed?1746 Words   |  7 PagesKristina Barbour Dr. Elizabeth Rambo ENG 101-14 24 November 2014 Should Stem Cell Research Be Performed? Throughout the last couple of decades the rise of technology has influenced the lives of Americans in many ways. From the time scientists started in depth experiments with stem cells in the 1980s, to the present day, the use of stem cells in research has been a prominent topic not only in legislation, but also in everyday conversations (Bush). This is because of the controversy these conversations

Shoe and Puma free essay sample

Puma is a major German multinational company that produces athletic and casual footwear, as well as sportswear, headquartered in Herzogenaurach, Bavaria, Germany. The company was formed in 1924 as Gebruder Dassler Schuhfabrik (Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory) by Adolf and Rudolf Dassler. PUMA has establishes a history of making fast product designs for the fastest athletes on the planet. PUMA offers performance and sport-inspired lifestyle products in categories such as Football, Running, Training and Fitness, Golf and Motorsports globally. It engages in exciting collaborations with renowned design brands such as Alexander McQueen and Mihara Yasuhiro to bring innovative and fast designs to the sports world. The PUMA Group owns the brands PUMA, Cobra Golf, Tretorn, Dobotex and Brandon. The company distributes its products in more than 120 countries, employs more than 10,000 people worldwide. The relationship between the two brothers deteriorated until the two agreed to split in 1948, forming two separate entities, Adidas and Puma. Both companies are currently based in Herzogenaurach, Germany. Following the split from his brother, Rudolf Dassler originally registered the new-established company as Ruda, but later changed to Puma. In 1952, Rudolf Dassler successfully develops a football boot with screw-in studs, in collaboration with experts, such as Sepp Herberger. The launch of the â€Å"SUPER ATOM,† the world’s first screw-in boot marks the beginning of a long-term and highly successful relationship between PUMA and football. With more in-depth research, PUMA kept creating various new types of shoes and also sponsored numerous world class sportsmen like Pele, Eusebio, Johan Cruijff, Enzo Francescoli, Diego Maradona, Lothar Matthaus, Kenny Dalglish, Didier Deschamps, Robert Pires, Zlatan Ibrahimovic, Radamel Falcao, Sergio Aguero, Cesc Fabregas, Marco Reus, and Gianluigi Buffon. Puma is also the sponsor of the Jamaican track athlete Usain Bolt. In February 2007 Puma reported that its profits had fallen by 26% to â‚ ¬32. 8 million ($43 million; ? 22 million) during the final three months of 2006. Most of the decline in profits was due to higher costs linked to its expansion; sales rose by more than a third to â‚ ¬480. 6 million. In early April 2007 Pumas shares rose â‚ ¬29. 25 per share, or about 10. 2%, at â‚ ¬315. 24 per share. On 10 April 2007 French retailer and owner of Gucci brand Pinault-Printemps-Redoute (PPR) announced that it had bought a 27% stake in Puma, clearing the way for a full takeover. The deal values Puma at â‚ ¬5. 3 billion. PPR said that it would launch a friendly takeover for Puma, worth â‚ ¬330 a share, once the acquisition of the smaller stake was completed. Since 17 July 2007 PPR owns 62. 1% of the Puma stock. While, PPR owns the majority of Puma’s stock, Puma still remains an independent company. UNDERSTANDING PUMA Puma is committed to working in ways that contribute to the world by supporting creativity, sustainability and peace and by staying true to the values of being Fair, Honest, Positive and Creative in decisions made and actions taken. PUMA Vision, a foundation for their activities is a concept intended to guide their work with its three core programs PUMA Creative, PUMA Safe and PUMA Peace. PUMA Safe comprises their initiatives for environmental protection and improves working conditions that have been in place for many years now. They will be complemented by new programs, which focus on implementing cleaner, safer and more sustainable systems and processes within the supply chain. Some of the major steps PUMA has taken to become sustainable are the Bring back bin and the clever little packaging. The bring back bin basically takes in any of your old clothes and shoes and PUMA recycles the raw materials from them such that they are putting back the materials in the right place. Now, they are only borrowing from the environment instead of stealing from it. Their other initiative, the clever little packaging, is all about getting rid of the shoebox such that they reduce the use of cardboard boxes, which in turn reduce the number of trees cut. They have replaced the box with a cloth bag. PUMA Peace supports the global day of ceasefire and September 21 every year through its initiative â€Å"One Day One Goal†, which aims at getting people to play football with the idea that the power of sports will unite people in peace. Another example for the work of PUMA Peace is the creation of PUMA Dance Dictionary, which is based upon the concept that even before the language barriers came about people used to communicate using body language and focuses on reconnecting with that idea. Creativity being the core competence of the brand, PUMA Creative aims at bringing together artists and different organizations for a mutual creative exchange and offering them an international platform. PUMA believes in getting in touch with the environment and taking inspiration from it. They have launched a whole campaign around it making a huge range of products that make it either easier to brave the nature or perform like the most superior animal in their constricted environment. For example, Puma mobium, shoes made for adaptive running, are based upon the concept of expansion and contraction, taking inspiration from puma and other large cats to understanding the way their muscles move and provide natural cushioning while running to combine with, interpret and create the same comfort for humans. PRODUCTS Puma manufactures a variety of products ranging from hats/caps, bags, trainers, jackets, sweats, hoods, flipflops, sandals, ballerinas(women), polos,shirts, shorts, tanks, pants, denims, socks, innerwear, wallets, bets, perfumes, sunglasses, mobile accesories, football shoes, sneakers, gloves, scarves, water bottle, tablet cases, casual shoes, range of products for Ferrari, Mercedes, Mini and BMW etc. They also have cricket products like batting gloves, batting pads, wicket keeping pads, wicket keeping gloves, shoes, bats, balls etc. All of their shoes have the patent form strip trademark. The company is also known for the suede basketball shoe it introduced in 1968, which eventually bore the name of New York Knicks basketball star Walt Clyde Frazier, and for its endorsement partnership with Joe Namath to mention a few. MENS Casual Boots Running shoes Motorsport shoes men Flip flops Casual shoes Sports Performance shoes Polos Shirts Tees Sweatshirts and sweaters Shorts and 3/4ths Tracks and sweatpants Pants and denims Jackets Small accesories Belts Gloves Backpacks Bags Hats WOMEN Casual shoes Running shoes Ballerinas Flipflops Trackpants 3/4ths and shorts Tanks and Tees Sweatshiirts and sweaters Pants and denims Polos and Tees Swimwear Jackets KIDS Girl’s apparel Girls’s shoes Boy’s apparel Cricket equipment Boy’s shoes TARGETTING AND MARKET RESEARCH PUMA’s target audience consists any person from within the age group of 8-60 yrs , belonging from atleast a middle class family who have a minimum average income of 50,000 75,00 Rs/- per month . Puma’s consumers want to buy their products because they are looking for sports or lifestyle product that are stylish but still cost efficient. They buy its products because they can be used along with a wide range of other products and in numerous different environments without looking out of place but still having an impact. They trust Puma because they would have never been disappointed as they get comfort along with style and everytime they look out for a new product they find it on PUMA’s shelves. The target audience also has easy access to our products via numerous shopping options like stores, factory outlets, online shopping with home delivery on PUMA’s websites as well as other online shopping portals. PUMA’S UNIQUE SELLING PROPOSITION PUMA, actually questioned what actually could become the alternative in the sporting goods market? Each and every sports manufacturing company is trying to offer the consumers the latest technology and comfort, so how was PUMA different? What would make it stand out. The answer was simple, each and every person wants to look beautiful. Hence, Puma is mixing sport lifestyle and fashion in a unique way. They always try to reinterpret sport in an innovative fashionable way, and when they do fashion they are always trying to bring their sports heritage into the fashion world. Obviously they dont define sport in a traditional way anymore. To them sport is living an active lifestyle, whether you are a businessman, active traveler or a marathon runner, its a different kind of interpretation of sport today. Its a much broader definition than what it used to be its not about traditional categories anymore, its about living an active lifestyle. PUMA had an opportunity to use the small size of the company as a competitive advantage and establish themselves as the alternative to the established fashion players. They aimed at selling more fashionable sports and lifestyle products at a cheaper price and better quality as compared to its contemporaries.

The Awakening commentary Essay Example

The Awakening: commentary Essay From the Victorian era, Chopin startled critics with her tale of a woman’s abortive struggle towards independence in an oppressive society. By using women as her protagonists, Chopin highlights their sexist roles in literature; however she restricts their development through a controlled, authorial third person narrative. It thus seemed conducive to transform The Awakening into a series of English sonnets, revealing the undeveloped characterisation of Edna with Robert, through their separation. Therefore, the audience for my piece would be educated readers who enjoy reading poetry that has a challenging and unconventional form. I shed new light on the short story by elucidating Edna’s role in society through highlighting the narrow and stereotypical way in which women are often portrayed in literature. The short story distances the protagonist from her emotional development, because it is written in the third person narrative. Hence, the form does not offer the opportunity for character expansion in the same way the sonnets do. My transformation moves from a third person, omniscient narrator in the novel to dual first person narrative. For example, Edna openly declares her love for Robert, at the time of her death: â€Å"I’m the person who deserves your love.† The narrative voice appears more autonomous in the sonnet because the author’s evaluation of the moral choices that her characters make is lost. The sonnet form successfully enables Edna to reveal her true emotions to the reader, whilst shedding light on the character’s relationships in the short story. We will write a custom essay sample on The Awakening: commentary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Awakening: commentary specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Awakening: commentary specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The form of English sonnets enabled me to phonetically create the sound of a heart beating through the strict meter of iambic pentameter. Therefore, when the two characters reveal their feelings to each other the meter is tight, mirroring the natural sound of a heart beating. For example, Robert declares: â€Å"The bonds we made grew deeper than the sea.† Robert uses a comparative analogy to describe his love for Edna, which suggests there is positive emotional relationship between the two characters. The extended metaphor of the sea has been used to satirize the literary archetype of Edna by communicating the narrow portrayals of women within literature. For example, in the story, Chopin describes the sea as â€Å"seductive,† â€Å"soft† and â€Å"sensuous,† which are typical modifiers that are used to describe women. Hence, I took the initiative to mimic Chopin’s stereotypical portrayal of Edna by including imagery of the sea, within Robertâ€℠¢s sonnet. I have crafted the structure in the final sonnet where the iambic pentameter deliberately fails after the first quatrain, creating the sound of a dying and irregular heartbeat. This phonetically indicates Edna’s death at the end of the story as the strict rules of the sonnet are broken. A key linguistic device used is the semantic field of death: â€Å"drowned,† â€Å"black† and â€Å"took my breath.† The verb â€Å"drowned,† clearly reveals Edna’s death to the reader, as this is not explicitly stated in the story but merely implied. Also, the modifier â€Å"black† describes Edna’s death as fatal which contrasts to the story, where it is implied that Edna will be re-awakened by the sea. This makes the reader believe that Edna’s conflicting relationship with Robert has ended because she has resorted to suicide. In this sonnet, Edna blames Robert for her emotional downfall and suicide, mirroring Eve, who according to the Bi ble, led Adam to the forbidden fruit, causing the corruption of mankind. Juxtaposition of Edna’s beauty has been used in the third sonnet to highlight her cunning and manipulative ways as a female protagonist. For example, the final line: â€Å"But now, you’re bad as hell and dark as night,† highlights Robert’s eventual realisation of Edna’s tarnished internal beauty. The similes â€Å"bad as hell,† and â€Å"dark as night,† uses bleak imagery of nature to highlight Edna’s wicked transformation to the reader. This contrasts to Edna’s beauty initially being compared to the ocean in the first sonnet: â€Å"your beauty’s liberal like the sea.† However, in the final sonnet Robert no longer perceives Edna as beautiful, but Edna herself. For example, her vanity is revealed in line five: â€Å"since my beauty and fairness enticed you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The lexical choice: â€Å"my† arrogantly used by Edna implies that she possess all beauty, above nature which also depicts Eveâ€℠¢s attraction to her own image when she sees her reflection in the water. This ties the sonnet in with the theme of beauty in the short story and succeeds in reinforcing to the reader the view that many authors recycle archetypes of women in literature. Antithesis has been used in the first line of the final sonnet to demonstrate Edna’s transition from life to death. For example, â€Å"the calm, seducing sea turned black with death.† The contrast metaphorically uses the sea, describing the change in nature to indicate Edna’s change. This was successful as English sonnets often refer to love, beauty and nature, thus I endeavoured to include this in the first line to create a dramatic beginning. The conflicting emotions between the two characters stemmed from Robert when he says: â€Å"†¦he can only be the love for thee.† Robert refers to Là ©once in the third person, which distances him from Edna and Robert’s relationship; implying that he has realised his mistakes with Edna. The transformation has used the satirical portrayal of the protagonist in The Awakening to highlight the strict gender constraints placed upon the character and in doing so, shedding light on the emotional development of Edna and Robert while they are separated in the short story. The sonnet form has endeavoured to capture a first- hand perspective of the two characters in an attempt to elucidate characterisation in the story.

Analysis of Mastering Management Example

Analysis of Mastering Management Example Analysis of Mastering Management – Assignment Example ï » ¿Mastering Management The results of the two different emotional intelligence tests were nearly equal. The textbook assessment indicated a score of 83, which was on the high end of the second quartile. The online assessment from queendom.com provided me with a score of 79. The online emotional intelligence test was a bit more sophisticated than the textbook as it asked for perceptions of images of people experiencing emotions in certain social situations. This might explain the slightly lower score. However, it is very clear based on the results that I have a high emotional intelligence as compared to average scores. I have always been very good at figuring out how people are feeling in certain situations simply by listening to their tone of voice, watching body language, and using active listening to understand what is being said. Many times in my personal life, people have told me that I am very in tune with their feelings and do a good job of showing empathy. I also believe that I am quite good at controlling my emotional responses, especially in professional versus social situations. Therefore, I am not very surprised by the results of either EI assessment. The tolerance of ambiguity scale returned a score of 63. This is the top quartile and much higher than average. What this means, according to the results, is that I would not like a job with a great deal of risk or uncertainty. Some jobs that would not be good choices based on the scores would be freelancing, stock market brokering, or likely even health care services since they are often unpredictable and different each day. Comfortable jobs would be those with high security and less risk such as a laboratory technician, financial auditor, or any other job with very strict rules and predictable pay scales. The locus of control assessment returned a score of three, which was in the second quartile. With such a low score, it means that I have an internalized locus of control. This is very much how I view myself. I often take responsibility for my own destiny and believe that it is up to me to set goals and meet success. I do not believe that others in my environment have much control over my future and I will often work around people who are negative to achieve positive results. Having a low score in the locus of control would be very beneficial in the workplace. Managers need to be role models in order to gain attention and loyalty from followers. By showing others that you can master your own fate, it will inspire others to try to adopt these behaviors. Coaching and mentoring would be very positive traits in management since the internal locus of control would continue to reinforce self-esteem and self-sufficiency in their job roles. It would also help to improve team performance and reduce conflict by showing others that they can be independent and not use excuses about another’s poor performance for team failures.

The role of the mentally ill and the dynamics of mental disorder A research framework

The role of the mentally ill and the dynamics of mental disorder A research framework Article Summary The paper presents a sociological theory on the cause of a steady mental disorder. Although the evidences in support of the theory are based on previous formulations, Scheff develops a precise sociological theory that attempts to explain the cause and path of a stable mental disorder.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The role of the mentally ill and the dynamics of mental disorder: A research framework specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Using the concepts of the social institution of insanity, residual deviance, the societal responsibility of the individual with mental illness, and the divergence of the societal response such as denial and labeling, Scheff constructs a theory of mental disorder in which the psychiatric signs are thought of as violations of social norms, and stable â€Å"mental illness† to be a social role (Scheff, 1999). Essential to this theory are 9 proposals that require exper imental processes. By restricting the forms of behavior that are to be covered, by basing the paper on previous findings, and by applying an entirely sociological approach (such as the theory of residual deviance), the author proposes a methodology in which the dynamics of mental disorder take place within the system consisting of the person exhibiting deviant behavior and those responding to it. According to the theory designed here, the basis for the initiation, maintenance and end of the deviant conduct referred to as mental disorder are parts of the social system, and cannot be separated, hence, from endopsychic forms of behavior. Fat is a Sociological Issue: Obesity rates in late modern, ‘bodyconscious’  societies This paper surveys the factors involved in the current spiraling of obesity rates in the contemporary society, focusing both upon the causes of the high prevalence rates and its effects. Crossley contends that rates of obesity have risen rapidly in the last two decades, causing some people to talk of an imminent crisis and compelling governments and health institution to react (Crossley, 2004). Many studies in the sociology of the body are centered on the social belief that certain ‘bodies’ are more acceptable than others, for example, slimness, fitness, and good health are socially acceptable practices. Proof of this assertion exists in the steadily rising number of health clubs in the UK and the corresponding number of subscriptions in the last decade.Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another trend that exists next to exercise is that of dieting. Diet books are among bestseller listings, besides, food consumption in response to recommended diets are very significant. A large number of persons ascribe to weight watching clubs and associations, known as ‘body-conscious society’ (Crossley, 20 04). Body fat affects the BMI and a value of 20 -25 BMI value is deemed normal, a value less than 20 is deemed underweight while a value of 25-30 is considered overweight, with a value greater than 30 considered obese. Obesity varies with age, and narrowly with age and social class, with women at a higher risk of becoming obese. Due to the social concern, the author contends that the steadily rising rate of obesity is a social fact. This is evidenced in two ways, first, the statistics relating to obesity are normally given in societal perspectives, for example, obesity varies between individuals, and across societies, that is, it is a social variable. Secondly, the causative agent for the variation of obesity rates is social. Individual differences in levels of obesity, biological or psychosomatic, cannot be used to explicate on the variations in obesity rates. There are two broad causes of obesity: lifestyle and modernity. We do less physical exercise, live a sedentary lifestyle an d use several labor saving appliances at home and at work, consumption of high-calorie foods has increased both in frequency and quantity. It worthy to note that social changes leading to a rise in obesity are related to class and gender variations, this is proven by the fact that obesity is lower among the lower class. The latter sections of the paper attempts to explain the relation between body and society and how fluctuations of the rate of obesity affect the society (illness and early death). This paper targets a general population, especially one that is at a higher risk of becoming obese. This is derived from the fact that it informs of the causative agents of obesity and prevention. It may also be useful to sociologists trying to understand the link between body and the society. Fat Ethics’ – The Obesity Discourse and Body Politics The paper examines how facts about obesity are presented and availed to the public, and the ethical concerns arising from the publi c’s comprehension of obesity. Public understanding of obesity is frequently based on various sources of information that focus of cause and prevention of the disease, however, other health problems such as cancer do not receive similar coverage on the public domain, particularly relating to the ethical and moral elements.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The role of the mentally ill and the dynamics of mental disorder: A research framework specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Information availed to the public on the ‘obesity epidemic ’ through various media focuses on the grave effects of being obese, the scientific facts about obesity are restated to give authority and sureness to the allegations of the growing rates of the ‘epidemic’ (Rich Evans, 2005). In their attempts to give a grim picture of obesity, these reporters often err, for example, the link between weight, size, and healt h is not as significant as we are led to believe. It is obvious that obesity is a grave public concern with epidemic proportions, caused by failure to partake in physical exercises, consumption of fast foods, and alterations in our diets. While these are non-debatable scientifically proven facts, they are loaded with philosophies and cultural ideas about how we view ‘fatness’. A key characteristic arising from the obesity presentation is the weight accorded to ‘thinness’ and ‘weight loss’ as unanimously good. This belief arises from the perceived association between weight and health, the association far more complex as compared to the presentations in various media. Another discourse on obesity is on the morality of the body. Numerous reports take a communitarian approach that views the body as in need of protection. A communitarian approach has traditionally related harm to society not on individualistic terms, but by ‘rates of incidenc e’ of some trend, for example, obesity is associated with persons of a particular social class. Such a presentation leads to the notion that our body is in need of protection from thee government, businesses and the broad social forces. There are some discourses, however, that take a more humanistic view to weight, shape and value the range of body sizes, for example, a person may be fat and healthy. This discourse has gained acceptance widely after studies showed that obesity is not linked to excess mortality. However, these alternative views take a lower position. Because of the media discourse in the public arena, people overestimate their vulnerability to certain health condition and this may create a moral panic that stimulates disordered connections with food and body. This paper mainly targets persons who are obese or have obese children, relatives, or friends. Persons who give significant weight to the weight-health connection as it informs the reader that the connect ion is not as simple as thought. The paper enables a deeper understanding of the social nature of obesity and public discourses related to it. Connection between Body and Mind The main article presents a sociological approach to mental disorder (mind) while the two supplementary readings present a sociological approach to obesity (body). The two sets of papers increases an understanding of the connection between body and mind.Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While the sociological theory used on the first paper focuses on mental disorder, the theories adopted in the other two papers explain the phenomenon of obesity, drawing on various sources to explain the social aspect of obesity, that is, how it affects and is perceived by the society. The theory of residual deviance attempts to explain the cause and path of a stable mental disorder, integrating purely sociological elements to present a methodology that explains the perceived link between mental disorder and the society’s response to it. The other two readings also adopt a similar approach to explain the link between society and (social groups) and obesity. The first paper informs us that norms that arise from social systems, or are considered significant by social systems, such as labeling of mental disorder as deviant behavior, are hard to eliminate. Reading the two papers, we observe a similar trend that pits social beliefs, such as weight-health connection, against scient ific evidence that shows the two are not necessarily related. References Crossley, N. (2004). Fat is a Sociological Issue: Obesity rates in late modern, ‘bodyconscious’ societies. Social Theory Health, 3(2):222–253. Rich, E. Evans, J. (2005). Fat Ethics: The obesity discourse and body politics. Social  Theory Health, 3(4): 341-358. Scheff, T.J. (1999) The role of the mentally ill and the dynamics of mental disorder: A research framework, in Traub, S.H. Little, C.B. (Eds), Theories of Deviance. State University of New York at Cortland, NYC, pp. 397-415.

Security Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Security Design - Essay Example identified were an inappropriate use of emails in the communication of sensitive business information, the connection of public data, and confidential business information to the same physical network. Improper storing of private data that were only to be found on the servers by the end users and transmission some sensitive business information between servers and clients. For the proper communications of these findings, some policies were formed up by WWTC in the areas. These plans comprised of internet connectivity that was to be separated by the network, classified system; this ensures physical security to prevent any unauthorized access to the detailed information. The other policy introduced was a wide area network. The system made sure that any data that cross wide area network link has to undergo a protection section such as the virtual private network (Berger, 2012). Public servers was another policy initiated, this ensured that configuration of all public servers using Hypertext transfer protocol system connections and acceptance of all valid requests and pass them through the firewall. Site-to-site virtual private network tunnels were also among the policies that were put in place through the findings enabling mutual authentication and protection to all provided devices (Bansal, 2015). WWTC ended the plans with user education whereby they created awareness and training programs on threats and good security practices. Recommendations gave some deliverables on the general approach that the project may take. Among the recommendations pointed out were The protection of valuable assets of the company, determination of general architecture of the organization and development of a list of specific policies that could be applied and along with the rationale. Specific details must be written. Selection of the 12 relevant procedures for the addition in the Security Policy Document has to be reviewed in the written policies (Bansal, 2015). Attacks were classified

Musical theatre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Musical theatre - Essay Example Musical is the art of musical theater and it is a combination of dialogue and singing. Usually musical has several authors and they are rarely written by one script writer. The writing of the musical involves composer, lyricist and script. Every musical tends to be unique and specific. It tends to be remembered by the audience in the theatre. The melody in most cases inspires the authors to write a musical. It is apparent that aspiration is the main point in creating a masterpiece for musical theatre. Musical theatre sometimes adopts books and plays and reinterprets them in a new way. The Black Crook was the first theatre musical which adapted the modern principles of this genre. The musical lasted for five hours. And musical theatres became rather popular among people. Musical theatres created a new world full of mystery and admiration. Once visited musical theatre it is difficult to part with it. Musicals became like a fairy tales. (Kresner 1995) Nowadays musical theater became like a melody, which is being listened by everybody in the whole world. Foe many yeares theatre musica included popular music. For our parents and grandparents music theatre was something like musical channels on TV for younger generation. The older generation was inspired by musical theatre and such famous composers as Cole Porter, Jerome Kern, Irving Berlin and Richard Rodgers will be always remembered and honoured. But for young generation these composers are unknown. Some musical combine, for example, pop trends with classical tradition and libretto. As an example it is possible to mention musical Mama Mia, which is told to be the most entertaining modern musical. The lexicon of musical theatre was mentioned to be like a hybrid. (Lodge 2005) It is apparent that nowadays musical theatre is artistical and practical venue fot modern composers. Many of composers are aspired to write musicals, because they were brough uo with Porter, Kern and Rodgers. Randy Newman is also markable exmple of composer who tried to create modern pop musicals for musical theatres. Some admitted that musical theatre is like "smorgasbord", you can choose everything you like: singing, dancing, greatest hits and sad motives. Some people believe that musical is rather dissident form of theatre which referred to the theory of Brecht. (Kresner 1995) But it is necessary to observe the reaction of the audience of the musical theatre. The grown-ups sit stark in their sits and children look line they are burning fireworks. Everybody is impressed and full of admiration and delight. Musical theaters are really exciting and interesting. (Kresner 1995) The power of musical theatre was told to move people intuitively and emotionally to another world of songs and dances - to the wonderful fairy world. That power appealed to many people and they actually stuck to musical theatre. The people's love in the musical theatre is always storytelling, dancing and singing. In musical theatre people are always greatly attracted by gorgeous

The Simplex Solution Method Essay Example for Free

The Simplex Solution Method Essay The simplex method is a general mathematical solution technique for solving linear programming problems. In the simplex method, the model is put into the form of a table, and then a number of mathematical steps are performed on the table. These mathematical steps in effect replicate the process in graphical analysis of moving from one extreme point on the solution boundary to another. However, unlike the graphical method, in which we could simply search through all the solution points to find the best one, the simplex method moves from one better solution to another until the best one is found, and then it stops. The manual solution of a linear programming model using the simplex method can be a lengthy and tedious process.Years ago, manual application of the simplex method was the only means for solving a linear programming problem. Now computer solution is certainly preferred. However, knowledge of the simplex method can greatly enhance one’s understanding of linear programming. Computer software programs like QM for Windows or Excel spreadsheets provide solutions to linear programming problems, but they do not convey an in-depth understanding of how those solutions are derived. To a certain extent, graphical analysis provides an understanding of the solution process, and knowledge of the simplex method further expands on that understanding. In fact, computer solutions are usually derived using the simplex method. As a result, much of the terminology and notation used in computer software comes from the simplex method. Thus, for those students of management science who desire a more in-depth knowledge of linear programming, it is beneficial to study the simplex solution method as provided here.

A Streetcar Named Desire, by Tennessee Williams :: A Streetcar Named Desire Essays

Tennessee Williams gives insight into three ordinary lives in his play, â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire† which is set in the mid-1930’s in New Orleans. The main characters in the play are Blanche, Stanley, and Stella. All three of these characters suffer from personalities that differentiate each of them to great extremes. Because of these dramatic contrarieties in attitudes, there are mounting conflicts between the characters throughout the play. The principal conflict lies between Blanche and Stanley, due to their conflicting ideals of happiness and the way things â€Å"ought to be†. Williams begins by introducing us to the happy couple, Stanley and Stella Kowalski. The two live in a run-down part of New Orleans, but are content in their surroundings and their lifestyle. Stanley Kowalski is a Polish Immigrant who strongly believes in the role of a man in his own household. One may perceive him as being unrefined and rude, due to his blunt nature, but to himself and Stella, it is just his practical attitude towards life. Evident, through his interaction and dialogue with Stella and other characters, is his need to prove his masculinity by being dominant and imposing. In contrast, Stella is overly mild-tempered and always striving to please. Generally, she is able to adapt to all situations. This ability to adapt proves to be useful, as both her husband and her sister, Blanche, have such strong personalities. From the beginning, it is apparent that Stella often plays the peacemaker. She was able to foresee that Stanley and her visiting sister would clash. In hopes of avoiding any confrontation, she warned them both to be on their best behaviour. Stella is soft-spoken, speaking only when it is needed, and expressing her grief only when it overwhelms her, whereas Blanche is the opposite: an outspoken woman, with many opinions. Superficial is the first impression that Blanche gives when she enters the play. Consumed by appearance and face value, she is unable to see that Stella’s new lifestyle is not as horrid as she imagines. In comparison to Belle Reve, it is true that these New Orleans slums may not meet Dubois standards, but Blanche is unable to see beyond the way things appear in order to realize that Stella’s world does not revolve around material items. This flaw is intertwined with her vanity and her need keep up appearances. On the surface, Blanche appears to be snobbish and conceited.

Black Beauty Book Report Essay

Some say that beauty is in the eyes of the beholder. This cliche holds appropriately true for Black Beauty, a novel written and popularized by the crippled writer Anna Sewell (1877). The book tells about the life story of a horse. It answers a person’s curiosity about how a horse feels while surviving the cruelty of men. A heart-wrenching, beautiful, and enlightening tale and animal autobiography, the book gives life and voice to Black Beauty, a majestic horse. Quite believable and unsentimental yet a great read book depicts the life cycle of a horse which, just like any other being that God created, deserves and expects proper treatment from people whom horses regard with respect and unconditional affection. The book revolves around the life of the main character, a very wise horse named Black Beauty. The sufferings and misfortunes of Black Beauty made him rebel against the cruel humans. Some characters of the book include Duchness, the mother of Black Beauty; Ginger a very independent horse; and Merrylegs, the good friend of Black Beauty who has a big love for humans. For the rest of his life, Black Beauty has been put into care of various owners who subjected him to different jobs—from being a riding horse on a country estate to a cab horse in the community. Although he always suffers from the harsh treatment of humans, the strength, gentle mood, and fine inherent aptitude of Black Beauty made him survive. Black Beauty is a true-to-life animal story book that is told from the eyes of the horse, not from a reader’s perspective. Sewell’s (1877) book is an unusual narrative presentation which uses a horse as the first-person narrator as if the horse was the one who actually wrote the book. Black Beauty was considered to be the first book that employed the genre of animal autobiography which was previously seen in a limited fashion. The manner of displaying the literal substance of an animal as an animal itself rather than being presented based from human traits was adapted by other books with related story plots (Napierkowski, 1998). In writing the book, Sewell (1877) aimed at advocating the humane and suitable treatment of horses. Hence, Black Beauty was recognized as the only writing in the literary history with the greatest impact or influence on the treatment of animals. As a result, the book has created and paved the way for a legislation that promotes the welfare of horses. It further altered public orientation about animal pain as well as the conventional and popular activities perceived as the ones that induce suffering for horses (Napierkowski, 1998). A story told using the language and means of communication of a horse, the book tells how Black Beauty was treated with affection and respect when he was a young and healthy horse. It also illustrates how the horse fell into sickness and despair as he was passed from different careless owners. He received a lot of healthy pieces of advice from his mother during his youth. These lectures by his mother laid down the heart of the book and were used by Black Beauty as his life plan as he was passed down from one master to another, all of whom possess different, contrasting personalities—good, cruel and foolish. This first ever full-length book narrated from a horse’s perspective and emotions is a sorrowful story of both the malicious and accidental cruelties that animals receive from the hands of their masters or owners. It is also a book of aesthetic literary work that can bring the reader from the wonders and beauty of an ordinary night in a country community to the power-laced world of Victorian London in the nineteenth century. With its captivating but realistic presentation of the life of an extraordinary horse, the book was able to capture not just the hearts of the young readers but of adults as well. This is because the book generally portrays some similarity to the lives that people and horses experience—that both beings suffer cruelties and happiness. This book helped to the end human cruelty to horses and other animals. It signaled the formation of various animal-rights movements and forced more humane and justified treatment of human cabbies in London and the rest of the world. References Napierkowski, M. R. (1998). Black Beauty: Introduction. Novels for Students, 0. Retrieved February 21, 2008, from eNotes database. Sewell, A. (1877). Black Beauty. Norwich, England: Jarrolds & Sons.

Justice with Michel Sandel

Justice with Michel Sandel Silvia Molina University of Texas at El Paso Justice with Michel Sandel Harvard university professor Dr. Michel Sandel introduces two lecture episodes that discuss a number of philosophy related issues. In the first episode â€Å"The Moral Principles† Dr. Sandel begins the lecture with a story of a trolley cart in a path that may lead kill one, or five people. The decision to kill the one person in oppose to five, is left to a show of hands by participating students. The hypothetical scenario he paints in the story is to introduce moral reasoning.The students then participate in a critical thinking discussion to conclude what would be morality correct, whether to kill the one person so that five should live or vise versa. His story quickly unfolds to introduce two moral principles, one being consequentialist moral reasoning and the second is categorical moral reasoning. In the second part of his first lecture, Dr. Sandel discusses a very popular nine teenth century law case involving an ocean stranded crew of four. Sandel proceeds to initiate the discussion of the principles of utilitarian philosopher, Jeremy Bentham.The inauguration of arguments of utilitarianism follows what is discussed in the second episode â€Å"Putting a Price Tag on Life/How to Measure Pleasure†. The lecture in episode two also includes discussions of critical thinking and arguments by the students to support their contrasting views. Part one of the second episode discusses the cost benefit analysis that companies follow to put a price on human life. The second part in episode two introduces British philosopher John Stuart Mill who argues that utilitarian, those who have experienced high pleasure and lower pleasures will desire the higher pleasure.Utilitarianism is further debated in the lectures of Dr. Sandel as he goes in to details showing how utilitarianism plays a large role in everyday life circumstances as well as in economic situations. The Moral Principal Episode part one opens up with Michel Sandel sharing a story about a trolley cart. The story is as follows, a trolley cart is on a deadly path headed to the fatal crash that will kill five people. The wheel on the trolley cart works and can be steered to kill only one person. The students are asked their educated opinions on what is the right thing to do given the circumstances of the story.Most students answered saving five human lives with the expense of one human life would be the right thing to do. When the story is changed by Dr. Sandel and the human that is to save the lives of the five others is murdered the students opinions change. Sandel then proceeds to introduce the two moral principles that take place which are cosequentialist and categorical. Consequential moral reasoning is one that locates morality in the consequences of an act. Categorical locates morality in certain duties and rights. Both these moral principals where greatly debated by the student s. On the second part Dr.Sandel gives a brief introduction to utilitarianism and the British philosopher Jeremy Bentham. It describes Bentham’s view on the balance of pleasure over pain and the belief of the happiness or well being of the greatest number. The real life case presented, describes four sailors that survive after a massive shipwreck and are now fighting for survival at sea. One of the four sailors gets sick and the others decide to kill him to feed of his body. One of the students finds the idea of cannibalism in the case of necessity morally wrong and that it should not justify murder even though it would keep the rest of the three crew men alive.Another student defended the opposing view, by saying that as humans in a situation like such â€Å"we got to do what we have to do to survive†. Other circumstances are debated and the positions of the students change to be morally ok to have eaten the fourth member of the crew to keep the greater good for the gr eater number. In the opposing view some students still believe that it is morally wrong to not value human life as equally as the weaker sailor. The thoughts of this very famous case are the debates of categorical morality and of Bentham’s idea of the greater good for the greater number.Michel Sandel opens the second episode with a brief history on philosopher Jeremy Bentham. Bentham’s views on utilitarianism is that the highest principal of morality whether personal or political it is to maximize the general welfare or utility. Bentham states that we are all governed by pain and pleasure and must find a balance to achieve the greater good for the greatest number. Maximized utility is best attained when all the benefits are added up and all the costs are subtracted and the result is that happiness is greater than suffering. Dr. Sandel describes utilitarian logic as a cost benefit analysis that many corporations as well as overnments use to give measure to human life us ually in a monetary figure. A cost analysis example is based on a proposal to increase sales tax to cigarette sales in the Czech Republic. The analysis concludes that the Czech government benefits more from smokers. The cost analysis conducted states that the benefits of smoking are greater because smoking increases tax revenue, increases health care savings when people die early, and no more pension payments to those elderly that die early. Therefore the only costs would be an increase health care, which in this case does not outweigh the benefits of smoking.In a way the analysis are giving a monetary value to human life. Another view point by Dr. Sandel, is the Pinto case where a cost analysis was conducted to see if the benefits of adding a protective plate to the car were lower than the costs of human lives affected by not adding a protective plate to the fuel tank of the Pinto car. In argument, the utilitarian principle is discussed by some students that those lives and opinion s of the minority should not be less valuable than those of the majority. Some students believe that no monetary value should be placed on human lives.In other circumstances the students think someone has to make those decisions to be able to adequately take risks in certain situations. The monetary value that is placed on a human life by conducting cost analysis is done for the well being of the greater good to conclude into making important decisions by companies as well as governments. The second part in episode two Dr. Sandel mentions a personal experience that raises the question if all values can be turned into utilitarian terms. The objection to transform all values in to a single uniform measure such as utilitarian is objected by John Steward Mill.Mill believed that utilitarianism can be aligned with defending human rights. Mill also reasons that utilitarianism can distinguish higher pleasures from lower pleasures. The distinction of the lower and higher pleasure can be dist inguished by having experienced both pleasures and one who has experienced both will choose the higher pleasure always. Dr. Sandel proves his point by showing the class three videos in which they must choose one that can be described as the higher pleasure. After the viewing all three videos which were a clip by Hamlet, the other by fear factor, and finally The Simpsons.The class greatly agrees that the majority would pick the highest pleasure to be the clip by Hamlet and that Shakespeare is the highest pleasure out of all three. Exploring further the idea of utilitarianism a series of hypothetical moral reasoning situations can occur in the brother cities of El Paso, TX and Juarez, MX. The drug war happening in the city of Juarez is crucially affecting a developing economy that participates in the NFATA trade agreement. Large corporations have positioned its manufacturing plants to operate in the city of Juarez.With Juarez and El Paso trading goods and money extensively among count ries raises the idea of the following hypothetical scenario. In this hypothetical scenario involves a professional CEO of a major corporation residing in Juarez. The CEO of the corporation lives in El Paso and has to cross the international border to Juarez to be able to attend work on a daily basis. Sadly on any given day the CEO finds himself kidnapped by one of the drug cartels that are at war in Juarez. The drug cartel is asking for five million dollars in ransom for the CEO of the company.Therefore the company is suffering 10 million in losses a day without its CEO leader that conducts all major profitable operations run by him in the company. This scenario brings up the use of cost benefit analysis or utility discussed by Bentham. What would the company do in this situation? What is greater good for the greatest number is the question that should be asked? Would it be worth it to the company to pay the ransom or would the death of the CEO result in greater profit of interest t o the company. This example shows how a cost benefit analysis that can be conducted by the company in which it gives a monetary value to human life.It can be argued that there are other moral benefits to saving the CEO not just for the company but maybe because his family needs him. In a way it can also be argued that it is morally wrong to put a price on human life and that no matter what the company should pay a ransom no matter the amount. It can also be said that the CEO can easily be replaced in less than half a day and that the company could save its 10 million dollar losses for the day. Whatever the decision in the hypothetical scenario might turn out to be, the idea of cost benefit analysis is one that is used by all companies and business around the world.One, especially in business must sometimes come across difficult decisions and it is then when all theories moral reasoning and utilitarian must be applied to come to a conclusion. In sum, the discussion of the two episode s concludes that utility is applied to most certainly justice but to everyday decisions that are made by businesses around the world. Utilitarianism is referred by Bentham as the greater good for the greatest number in episode one of Justice with Michel Sandel.Last but not least in episode two, John Stuart Mill defends the concept of human rights in these words â€Å"Justice is a name for certain moral requirements, which, regarded collectively, stand higher in the score of social utility and are therefore of more paramount obligation than any others†. This quote, Mill says that it is ok to keep the laws and rules that exist only if there is a much greater reason for breaking them. Therefore utilitarian’s reason could be that saving a human life is a better reason in comparison to the loss of millions of dollars a company could sustain.Mill and Bentham dispute significantly ideas and create extensive room to ponder, but it is in our reasoning that these ideas can be co ncluded and interpreted only by one’s own moral reasoning. References Episode 01 – Justice with Michael Sandel. (n. d. ). Justice with Michael Sandel – Online Harvard Course Exploring Justice, Equality, Democracy, and Citizenship. Retrieved June 12, 2012, from http://www. justiceharvard. org/2011/03/episode-01/#watch Episode 02 – Justice with Michael Sandel. (n. d. ). Justice with Michael Sandel – Online Harvard Course Exploring Justice, Equality, Democracy, and Citizenship.Retrieved June 12, 2012, from http://www. justiceharvard. org/2011/02/episode-two/#watch Jeremy Bentham, Principles of Morals and Legislation (1780) – Justice with Michael Sandel. (n. d. ). Justice with Michael Sandel – Online Harvard Course Exploring Justice, Equality, Democracy, and Citizenship. Retrieved June 13, 2012, from http://www. justiceharvard. org/resources/jeremy-bentham-principles-of-morals-and-legislation-1780/ The Queen vs Dudley and Stephens (1884) (The Lifeboat Case) – Justice with Michael Sandel. (n. d. ). Justice with Michael

Seahorse Facts

Seahorse Facts Seahorses (Hippocampus spp of the family Syngnathidae) are fascinating examples of bony fish. They have a unique body morphology with a horse-shaped head, large eyes, curved trunk, and a prehensile tail. Even though these charismatic creatures are banned as trade items, they are still heavily traded in the illicit international markets. Fast Facts: Seahorses Scientific Name: Syngnathidae (Hippocampus spp)Common Name: SeahorseBasic Animal Group: FishSize: 1–14 inchesLifespan: 1–4 yearsDiet:  CarnivoreHabitat: Temporal and tropical waters throughout the worldConservation Status: Not Evaluated Description After much debate over the years, scientists finally decided that seahorses are fish. They breathe using gills, have a swim bladder to control their buoyancy, and are classified in the Class Actinopterygii, the bony fish, which also includes larger fish such as cod  and tuna. Seahorses have interlocking plates on the outsides of their bodies, and this covers a spine made of bone. While they have no tail fins, they have four other fins- one at the base of the tail, one under the belly, and one behind each cheek. Some seahorses, like the common pygmy seahorse, have shapes, sizes,  and colors that allow them to blend in with their coral habitats. Others, such as the thorny seahorse, change color to blend in with their surroundings. According to the World Register of Marine Species, there are 53 species of seahorses (Hippocampus spp), though other sources number the existing species between 45 and 55. The taxonomy has proven difficult because seahorses dont vary a great deal from one species to another. They do, however, vary within the same species: Seahorses can and do change color and grow and lose skin filaments. Their size ranges from under 1 inch to 14 inches long. Seahorses are categorized in the family Syngnathidae, which includes pipefish and seadragons. Georgette Douwma/Getty Images Habitat and Range Seahorses are found in temperate and tropical waters throughout the world. Favorite seahorse habitats are coral reefs, seagrass beds, estuaries, and mangrove forests. Seahorses use their prehensile tails to anchor themselves to objects such as seaweed and branching corals. Despite their tendency to live in fairly shallow waters, seahorses are difficult to see in the wild, since they can remain very still and blend in with their surroundings. Diet and Behavior Although there is some variation based on species, in general, seahorses feed on plankton and tiny crustaceans such as amphipods, decapods, and mysids, as well as algae. Seahorses do not have stomachs, so food passes through their bodies very quickly, and they need to eat often, between 30 and 50 times a day. Although they are fish, seahorses are not great swimmers. Seahorses prefer to rest in one area, sometimes holding on to the same coral or seaweed for days. They beat their fins very quickly, up to 50 times a second, but they do not move quickly.  They are able to move up, down, forward or backward. Reproduction and Offspring Many seahorses are monogamous, at least during a single breeding cycle.  A myth perpetuates that seahorses mate for life, but this doesnt seem to be true. Unlike many other fish species, though, seahorses have a complex courtship ritual and may form a bond that lasts during the entire breeding season.  The courtship involves an enchanting dance in which they entwine their tails​ and may change colors. Larger individuals- male and female both- produce larger and more offspring, and there is some evidence for mate choice based on size. Unlike any other species, male seahorses  become pregnant and carry babies (called fry) to term.  Females insert their eggs through an oviduct into the males brood pouch. The male wiggles to get the eggs into position, and once all the eggs are inserted, the male goes to a nearby coral or seaweed and grabs on with his tail to wait out gestation, which lasts 9–45 days.   Males produce 100–300 young per pregnancy and while the main source of food to the embryos is the yolk of the egg, the males do provide additional sustenance. When its time to give birth, hell contort his body in contractions until the young are born, over a period of minutes or sometimes hours.   felicito rustique / Flickr   Conservation Status The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has not as yet evaluated seahorse endangerment, but Hippocampus spp were among the first fishes brought under global trade restrictions in 1975. They are currently listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which allows exports of specimens only if they are sourced sustainably and legally. All countries which were historically exporting large numbers of them have since banned the export or are under CITES export suspensions- some banned the export prior to 1975. Nevertheless, seahorses are still threatened by harvesting for use in aquariums, as curios, and in traditional Chinese medicine. Historic and recent fisheries and/or trade surveys in source countries with trade bans have all revealed persistent exports of dried seahorses through unofficial channels. Other threats include habitat destruction and pollution. Because they are hard to find in the wild, population sizes may not be well-known for many species.  Ã‚   Stuart Dee / Getty Images Seahorses and Humans Seahorses have been a topic of fascination for artists for centuries, and are still used in Asian traditional medicine. They are also kept in aquariums, although more aquarists are getting their seahorses from seahorse ranches now rather than from the wild. Author and marine biologist Helen Scales, Ph.D., said of seahorses in her book Poseidons Steed: They remind us that we rely on the seas not only to fill our dinner plates but also to feed our imaginations. Sources Faleiro, Filipa, et al. Size Does Matter: An Assessment of Reproductive Potential in Seahorses. Animal Reproduction Science 170 (2016): 61–67. Print.Foster, Sarah J., et al. Global Seahorse Trade Defies Export Bans under Cites Action and National Legislation. Marine Policy 103 (2019): 33–41. Print.International Protections for Seahorses Take Effect May 15. World Wildlife Fund, May 12, 2004.Koldewey, Heather J., and Keith M. Martin-Smith. A Global Review of Seahorse Aquaculture. Aquaculture 302.3 (2010): 131–52. Print.Scales, Helen. Poseidons Steed: The Story of Seahorses, From Myth to Reality. New York: Gotham Books, 2009.Sea Horse Facts. The Seahorse Trust.

The Basics of Mammalian Temperature Regulation

The Basics of Mammalian Temperature Regulation Do you find it surprising that reindeer, which spend much of their time standing in snow, dont get cold feet? Or that dolphins, whose thin flippers are gliding constantly through cool water, still manage to pursue very active lifestyles? A special circulatory adaptation known as countercurrent heat exchange enables both of these animals to maintain the appropriate body temperature in their extremities, and this is only one of the many clever adaptations mammals have evolved over the last hundred million years to help them to deal with variable temperatures. Mammals Are Endothermic All mammals are endothermic- that is, they maintain and regulate their own body temperature, no matter the external conditions. (Cold-blooded vertebrates, like snakes and turtles, are ectothermic.) Living in widespread environments around the world, mammals face daily and seasonal fluctuations in temperatures and some- for example, those indigenous to harsh arctic or tropical habitats- have to deal with extreme cold or heat. To maintain their correct internal body temperature, mammals must have a way to produce and conserve body heat in colder temperatures, as well as dissipate excess body heat in warmer temperatures. The mechanisms mammals have for producing heat include cellular metabolism, circulatory adaptations,  and plain, old-fashioned shivering. Cellular metabolism is the chemical process that constantly occurs within cells, by which organic molecules are broken down and harvested for their internal energy; this process releases heat and warms the body. Circulatory adaptations, such as the countercurrent heat exchange mentioned above, transfer heat from the core of the animals body (its heart and lungs) to its periphery via specially designed networks of blood vessels. Shivering, which youve probably done some of yourself, is easiest to explain: this crude process generates heat by the rapid contraction and shaking of muscles.   If An Animal Gets Too Warm What if an animal is too warm, rather than too cold? In temperate and tropical climates, excess body heat can accumulate quickly and cause life-threatening problems. One of natures solutions is to place blood circulation very near the surface of the skin, which helps to release heat into the environment. Another is the moisture produced by sweat glands or respiratory surfaces, which evaporates in comparatively dryer air and cools the animal down. Unfortunately, evaporative cooling is less effective in dry climates, where water is rare and water loss can be a real problem. In such situations, mammals, like reptiles, often seek protection from the sun during the hotter daylight hours and resume their activity at night. The evolution of warm-blooded metabolisms in mammals wasnt a straightforward affair, as witness the fact that many dinosaurs were apparently warm-blooded, some contemporary mammals (including a species of goat) actually have something akin to cold-blooded metabolisms, and even one type of fish generates its own internal body heat.

Home work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Home work - Essay Example Often, this music is generated from computer-based sound systems to generate the necessary background of the play (The Open University, 2012). Ambient sounds. These are mechanical sounds like the clicking of drives or a CD-ROM, or opening of a drawer, or removing a bottle cap to demonstrate that something is operated correctly (The Open University, 2012). In the movie The Graduate, the viewer can hear the sounds of a closing door, voices of guests that are faded down, light switch or the sounds of the radio when music was played. You could also hear footsteps and sound of a vehicle being parked. (2)Using a film that youve watched in class, give an example of subtextual dialogue. Quote the dialogue using the format shown on page 91-2 in the text book. Summarize the text of the dialogue and then explain the dialogues subtext   This was lifted from the episode when Mrs. Robinson attempted to tempt Ben for a sex but was halted upon the arrival of Mrs. Robinson’s husband (Buck, 1967). Mrs. Robinson was so expressive of her desire amid outright refusal and confusion of Ben on how to feign responsibly to this desire without insulting and getting hatred from the woman and anger from her husband (Buck, 1967) (3) Choose a scene from a film that you watched in class. You can use Rear Window by Hitchcock Briefly describe the scene and its accompanying sound.. Explain in the detail how the various types of sound contribute to the atmosphere, plot and theme. In the scene 10 of movie Rear Window where Lisa sat on bed browsing magazine and travel book, the episode was accompanied by a love song to add meaning to unspoken passion as the man is limited by his disability to maybe sit or lay besides Lisa (Hitchcock, 2011). The director used the music to bridge love in this couple and to replace supposed dialogues. Hitchcock (2011) explained that to

Marketing - Exam on Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing - Exam on Marketing - Essay Example The role of integrated marketing communication is to use advertising as a means of creating a sound and meaningful relationship between the business and the specific audience the business is trying to reach. II. While integrated marketing communication is a complex field, there are a number of specific IMC drivers. The primary drivers of integrated marketing communications include message clutter. Another notable driver is the need for consistency in brand differentiation. One considers that in organizations such as Coca-Cola this is evident in that a single logo and advertising campaign that are implemented for set periods. Still, other drivers are evolving technology and forming transaction to relationships. One considers that there are a variety of specific examples where these elements occur. In terms of evolving technology the Internet has presented many news ways companies can improve transaction to relationships and a fusion of entertainment to consumption. Among the most prom inent recent examples include advertising specifically tailored to the customer and email marketing campaigns. Domino’s Pizza, for instance, recently developed an advertising campaign where if individuals clicked on their Facebook page they were eligible for a discounted pizza. There are a variety of different IMC communication tools. Different tools have different uses. These tools creative a hierarchy of effects. Promotional tools are one prominent example. These tools must be developed so the target audience receives a message that is consistent throughout. For example, a business should use similar marketing designs and slogans throughout the organization so the customer comes to identify these elements with the business. This has become a prominent element of major corporations such as Starbucks and Coca-Cola. Other prominent marketing tools include publication relations, personal selling, and sales and promotion. In addition there are internal elements, including accoun tability where the organization considers cost elements. Another important consideration is integrated marketing communication from a managing perspective. Most importantly, IMC can be a challenging management task, as it involves a number of elements within the business. It follows that management must be highly coordinated in instituting these new forms of advertising inline with new forms of technology and communication. Today nearly all major corporate elements, one considers Wal-Mart, have a social media presence. There are a number of barriers to IMC. Many of these can be considered along a spectrum. For instance, talent and skills are potential barriers within the business. Other major barriers include control and coordination issues, business culture challenges, and modification challenges. There are a variety of advantages and disadvantages to IMC. The primary advantage is that IMC implements an approach to advertising that directly targets consumers with specific interests . This allows for more effective communication and a competitive advantage through more efficient marketing. In terms of disadvantages, there is a greater advertising burden placed on the organization. This increased burden also involves bureaucratic procedures and a uniformity of style and message. In conclusion, integrated marketing communication constitutes a new and highly adaptive form of advertising and marketing. The approach involves a comprehensive and customer centric approach to

Starbucks Marketing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Starbucks Marketing - Research Paper Example In 1992, there was no focus on advertising and Labor force but with the growth of retail outlets, the company was still reluctant in increasing the Labor force, which is the company's major expense. Starbucks didn't spend any money on advertising. So, during the early 1990s, the company had no promotion. The only promotion made was through opening many retail outlets and boosting the sales promotion. 2. Starbucks has picked up an additional target segment of customers by 2002. Who were these customers What is Starbucks' position for this new segment relative to its position for its earlier customers What are the implications of this new target and position for Starbucks' marketing mix Starbucks positioning changed with the expansion in the target market. Starbucks established itself as a dominant specialty-coffee brand and its objective was "To become the most recognized and respected brand in the world." This was achieved through: Starbucks introduced a wide range of product variety including whole bean coffees, rich brewed coffees, Italian style espresso drinks, cold-blended beverages, premium teas, pastries, sodas, juices, sandwiches and salads. The product mix varied depending on a store's location and size. The biggest driver of company's growth was product innovation. New products were launched regularly and a new hot beverage was introduced during every holiday season. Brand name was establi... Starbucks introduced a wide range of product variety including whole bean coffees, rich brewed coffees, Italian style espresso drinks, cold-blended beverages, premium teas, pastries, sodas, juices, sandwiches and salads. The product mix varied depending on a store's location and size. The biggest driver of company's growth was product innovation. New products were launched regularly and a new hot beverage was introduced during every holiday season. Brand name was established and this again contributed to the position of the company. Starbucks had the Size advantage over its competitors and its goal was opening 15000 stores world wide. Service was the distinguishing factor and the employees were trained and empowered to provide good quality service, which was evaluated on service, Cleanliness, Product quality and speed of service criteria. Service innovations along with technology functionalities like T-Mobile HotSpot wireless internet service was an added advantage. Price Discounts were given at stores. Spilt drinks were replaced without any additional charge. Regular customers were given sample free drinks if they didn't have cash and provide cheque. Starbucks established itself as a premium-priced player in the market but service overwhelmed price in this aspect.Place Channels were used very effectively and Starbucks opened licensed stores world wide. Nearly 77% of the sales came from these stores. Starbucks also sold its products through non-company operated retail chains called Specialty Operations which accounted to about 15% of net revenues. Starbucks operated domestic and international licensed stores. Starbucks also had a joint venture with Pepsi-Cola to distribute bottled beverages. Starbucks had plans to open 15000 international locations. This will

Programming Paradigms Essay Example for Free

Programming Paradigms Essay This style of programming was brought as a result of lines of code being too long, thousands of lines of code were needed for one program. The procedural approach of programming was introduced that would break down these lines of code into block of around 10 lines of code, these blocks were used to carry out specific functions for the overall program. These functions are procedures hence the name of this style of programming was called Procedural Programming. In procedural programming a program would be built by writing these functions/procedures and calling upon them when you need them to perform a function in the program. An example of procedural programming is a scoreboard for a football tournament where the winning team would receive 3 points, and the losing team 0, if the teams draw 1 point is allocated to each team. The program for this would be broken down into blocks: The program is controlled by one control procedure, that calls each of the other procedures in the order that they’ll be executed, in this example the procedures called from the input, then to calculate and finally to display results. Procedural programming has many limitations; firstly, there is a lack of reusability, this is because by using procedural programming, thousands of lines of code are used which are for one specific purpose. If the program was to be used in the same organisation, amending the lines of code can be a lengthy procedure as there are many lines of code to sort through, also if some lines of code are edited, bugs can occur in other parts of the while program, therefore it would be best to create a completely new program. Another limitation is the fact that using procedural programming is not productive, as is it a lengthy process, and programmers who can code in the procedural style are very expensive, therefore employing them can be very expensive. Team working while using the procedural programming can be very difficult, even though large organisations require a group of programmers rather than one. Object orientated programming became more popular due to the fact that team working was not easy, it allowed teams to be split up so that they could each create objects and then bring them together to create one whole program. FORTRAN is a typical application that uses procedural programming; this was one of the first high-level languages and was created by IBM in 1954. FORTRAN is still used today for scientific, engineering and mathematical problems.

Kansas-Nebraska Act Essay -- essays research papers

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, and opened new lands for settlement. Because there was millions of acres of arable farmland, it was necessary to create a territorial infrastructure that would allow settlement. The people living in the Kansas-Nebraska area also wanted a railroad system for transportation. The railroad workers wanted to expand their railroad there as well, because they needed farmers for customers. The Kansas-Nebraska Act was created and proposed by Democratic Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois, who greatly supported the railroad system. Douglas was excited to have a railroad system that reached from his home city, Chicago, all the way to California. However, the Southerners felt differently about the railroad. The Southerners wanted a transcontinental railroad that began in New Orleans and extended to Southern California. Their different views about the railroads brought conflict between Douglas and the Southern Senators, so Douglas decided to make a compromise with them. Instead of having the railroad run throu...

Compare Darwin’s Theory of Evolution to Lamarck’s Essay

There have been many theories explaining evolution. Two of the most well known of these are the Lamarckian theory, which was mostly believed before the Darwinian theory, which is the theory which is believed to have the highest probability of it being the case. In Lamarck’s theory of evolution, he stated that an organism was able to pass on required traits to their offspring. This theory is commonly shown through the giraffe’s evolution to having longer legs and a longer neck. According to Lamarck’s theory, during a bad season when all the vegetation in lower areas (easily reachable by the giraffe with the shorter neck and legs) had gone, the giraffes were forced to stretch their necks, to reach for food on a higher level. These giraffes would then have longer necks and would pass this trait of having a longer neck to their offspring. Lamarck’s theory then states that over time, each generation will pass on their traits of having a longer neck than the previous generation, accounting for the evolution of the giraffe from being an animal with a shorter neck and legs, to one seen today with its long neck and legs. Darwin’s theory relied on a process of natural selection. In his theory, at the start there would have been many giraffes of varying heights, which would be so due to the variations in organisms through the process of sexual reproduction. Darwin stated that all life competes in a struggle to exist. Therefore, during a dry season when there is not as much nutrition available on lower levels for the shorter giraffes, the giraffe’s that are more likely to survive are the ones with the longer necks and legs. The giraffes with the shorter necks and legs would die, disabling them to pass on their genes for the shorter legs and necks, resulting in a new generation of longer necked and legged giraffes. These theories can also be shown using other animals such as the horse. The ancestors of horse were once much smaller than the modern day horse. They had four toes on the front legs and three on the back. These toes were padded so they allowed the horse to easily move through wet ground. As the horse moved out of the forest and swamp areas to the plains its head, neck and legs became longer, allowing faster movement and it adjusted to standing  on only one toe. Lamarck would have said that this change was from the horse changing its traits to match its environment. The horse would have had to struggle to run faster to escape from predators when out in the open, and therefore developed a stronger, body to cope with the need for speed. Darwin’s theory would of course differ to this, saying that the horses that survived were the ones, which were able to run faster. These would have been the horses with the longer legs, and so the genes for the horses with the longer legs would be passed on to the next generations. These theories have been widely believed to be the explanation for the varying species of animals on the earth. It is well known now that the Lamarckian theory is not possible, and therefore the Darwinian theory is the explanation that is believed to be the means of evolution. This, however has not yet been proven, however the probability is very great.

Beowulf Essay

In the epic poem â€Å"Beowulf†, the poet presents both the elements courage and cowardice. These elements are very important and show up continuously throughout the poem. Although the poem is mainly about heroic battles, there are also many cowardly acts among the villagers. The poet significantly develops courage throughout the poem. It is shown when Beowulf challenges Grendel to a battle and ends up defeating him. It is stated that Beowulf fought without any armor and still won. Once done with the fight, he is faced with another battle which is Grendel’s mother. After a tough and long fight, Beowulf ends up winning as well. The brave and courageous thing about Beowulf is that he is willing to do anything and fight for his people, he gives it all his strength to save his village. For example, the challenge with Grendel started because he was terrorizing the Danes. Another example of courage in the poem is when Beowulf fights the dragon, it is clear that this is one of his toughest battles but he cares for his people and puts himself in danger. Beowulf accomplishes a lot for the survival of the Danes and the Geats. On the other hand, cowardice is also shown in the poem through Unferth. Unferth does not want to live under the â€Å"courageous† culture that is so popular in many men anymore. By this, he is letting so much happen to his kingdom and doesn’t care. The most coward thing that Unferth does is give away his sword, it was known back then that a virtuous warrior never parted from his sword. Just like Beowulf is very brave, he has his bad moment as well, he doesn’t want to admit that his time has come and that he is too old to fight the dragon. But the people in Geats show cowardice by not helping their king on his battle. Instead, they hide and just watch not even helping their king who has done so much for them. In conclusion, the epic poem â€Å"Beowulf† may have many brave people but it also shows how some throw away their position as king or do not want to fight for their people anymore, as well as the inconsiderate villagers. Both courage and cowardice are very well portrayed in the poem.

buy custom Dealing with Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia essay

buy custom Dealing with Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia essay Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a disorder of the brain that affects the actions, thoughts and perception of a person towards the universe. People with schizophrenia have a changed reality perception. There is normally a huge loss of contact with realism. In most cases, they see and hear things that actually do not exist. Their speech is confusing, strange and they normally have a feeling that the other people around them are endeavoring to harm them. They may also have a feeling that other people are constantly watching them. With such an obscure line between the imaginary and realism, Schizophrenia makes it tricky and even worse, frightening for the patient while negotiating the day to day life activities (Bell et al. 2007). In response to such threats as they see them, schizophrenia patients tend to withdraw from the external world or may be act out in fear and confusion. Schizophrenia affects both women and men equally. It takes place at same rates in all racial groups around the universe. The symptoms that normally begin between the sixteen and thirty years are delusions and hallucinations. Symptoms in men tend to show up a little earlier than in their female counterparts. In most cases, it is not easy to get schizophrenia casualties over the age of 45. Schizophrenia hardly takes place in children although there is an increasing alertness of childhood-onset schizophrenia (Masi et al., 2006). Diagnosing schizophrenia amongst teens can be difficult. This so because the initial signs come along with a change of friends, problems of sleeping, irritability and drop in academic performance. Diagnosis is thus difficult because these behaviors are a common occurrence amongst teens. An amalgamation of factors can be used to determine schizophrenia amongst teens at the verge of developing the disorder. Such factors include withdrawal from other people and sol itude, an increased abnormal thinking and suspicions and the psychosis history of a family. Schizophrenia Symptoms Schizophrenia symptoms fall into three broad classifications: negative symptoms, cognitive symptoms and positive symptoms. Well, this study narrows its research into the positive symptoms and seeks to establish how assessment of these symptoms can effectively be assessed and the most efficacious skills that a therapist can apply to assist in response to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia Positive symptoms are the psychotic behaviors that are not noticeable with healthy people. People having positive symptoms would in most cases lose touch with the reality that goes around the immediate environment (Warner, 2009). These symptoms are not persistent in a continuous manner. They may appear and disappear. On some occasions, they are severe while they may become hard to notice at other times. However, this depends on whether the person is getting treatment or not. Therefore, successful evaluation and treatment calls for a proper understanding of the condition before the most amicable therapeutic skills can be applied. Generally, positive symptoms of schizophrenia include the following. Hallucinations Hallucinations are the things that an individual sees, smells, feels or hears that cannot be sense through either of these senses. The most common hallucinations in schizophrenia are voices which other people cannot hear. These voices may talk to the individual concerning behavior, orderliness in the person or danger that is looming in the persons life. At times these voices can talk to each other. The problem may persist for a long time before it can be noticeable to friends and families. Hallucinations could also involve seeing objects and people that do not exist, smelling odors that are undetectable by others. They may also feel such things as invisible fingers pounding on their bodies when they are alone (Zullino et al. 2008). Understanding hallucinations is the first step towards the implementation of any therapeutic action. It is imperative to understand that these are false perceptions and inaccuracies that affect peoples senses and cause them to see, touch and smell things that do not exist. In acute stages of schizophrenia, patients will insist of hearing voices that other people cannot hear. In some cases, non-word sounds, clicks and noises characterize these voices. These experiences act as disturbances in the lives of these individuals. All the same, the descriptions of these perceptions tend to be different (Bottas, 2009). In some occasions, they are encountered as very forceful and seemingly vital thoughts. Occasionally, they appear to emanate from outside the self. They are heard as discussions between other commands, people and insults or compliments being addressed to the person. Dealing with such situations and conditions may require the directives of a professional therapist in order to administer the best treatment process. The voices interchangeably convey conflicting messages. At one point they could be voices of reassurance while on another occasion, they could be threatening (Greig et al., 2007). Understanding these different scenarios would contribute to effective treatment procedure and the provision of the most efficacious assistance to the affected individuals. In most cases, the remarks that are received are not merely addressed to the individual but they appear to show concern on them in an obscure manner. The people who experience this define it like a tape that plays in their mind. Such experiences are so real that many of these affected individuals tend to believe that a broadcasting device has been implanted in their bodies. Some of them end up believing in a paranormal explanation for the peculiar sensation in their lives. When administering treatment or offering any form of assistance, it is important to work on an observable fact. Any form of assistance cannot be founded on guesswork. The therapist must engage on a process founded on facts and a thorough knowledge of the situation that the individual is experiencing (Cannon et al., 2008). The therapist needs to look beyond the outward reactions seen in the individual. The things that the person is experiencing are so real to the individual that they cannot be dismissed and alleged as imaginations. In times of convalescence, the schizophrenia patients manage their voices. Either to dismiss or summon these voices is at the patients disposal. They may chose to cope by ignoring them or handling them as caring supplements of their daily lives. However in times of acute sessions, the hallucinations, normally the same ones repeatedly take control and the person feels powerless and victimized (Zullino et al. 2008). The person feels at the mercy of a foreign company. The patients and the people close to them should recognize these hallucinations as indicators of illness. Discussion concerning their plausibility and objective truth are not important at this stage. The experience is very true and very clear. Therefore, it should be acknowledged as such. The attempts of any therapist efforts of setting the individual straight may amount to resistance, bad feelings and tension. It is however useful to seek clarification that other people do not have a sense of smell, hearing, feeling and seeing of the things the patient is experiencing. This assists to identify it as a unique experience of the patient concerning the acceptance of the experience as a symptom of schizophrenia. This would be useful in letting everyone agree to the inclination that something is taking place (Bottas, 2009). Hallucinations react to any attempt of mitigating stress and an increase of antipsychotic prescription of medicine. Good therapeutic skills would exercise keeping the patient busy. It is a very important endeavor as it offers a kind of distraction that is very useful. The competing stimuli can at times sink the voices. Keeping the patient busy is very important in dealing with hallucinations. Anything that can keep the patient busy without coercion is considered a very useful effort in assisting the patient. The patient should be encouraged to discuss the moment these hallucinations take place and what they discuss with the therapist. This can help in clarifying the kind of stress that appears to bring the patient on (Greig et al., 2007). Again, pointing out to the patient that he or she has some control over these hallucinations can be a very useful strategy while assisting the patient. Habitually, instinctively, the patient has gotten the habit of listening for the voices he or she hears as though it was a passive recipient. There is a lot of effectiveness if the therapist can direct the mind of the patient to different interests and assisting him or her recognize that there is no need to keep waiting for the incoming voices. These are the major techniques through which the patient can develop on their own with time and that need a fair amount of practice. The therapist should engage the individual in a discussion encouraging him or her not to despair. These discussions with the therapist bring on the reassurance that the close friends and family understand their situation. This is a very important aspect that can assist the patient to overcome these challenges. The constant talk concerning hallucinations can be inf uriating. However, it is clear that the patient is already occupied with such bizarre events. Chronic hallucinations should be accepted as a part of the daily life. However, they are not normally sufficient reason to justify the participation in household duties and in other activities (Bottas, 2009). Delusions Delusions are another positive symptom of schizophrenia. These are false beliefs that are ideally not a part of the individuals culture and that remain the same. They do not change at all. The individual believes in these delusions even after other people have proved to them that the beliefs are illogical and unsubstantiated. Individuals with schizophrenia can experience delusions that appear problematic. This ma include a belief that neighbors can manage their behavior with waves of magnetism. Moreover, these individuals may also believe that individuals on television are making reference to them as they talk and make presentations (Warner, 2009). They may also allege that radio stations are giving out news aloud to other people in accordance to their individual thoughts. Some times, the patients believe that they are not themselves but other different individuals from those they were from the beginning. They may see themselves as famous figures in history. At times, they may show paranoid delusions and may often believe that the other people are committed to harming them through harassment, cheating, spying on them, poisoning them or even planning harm against them or the people who under their care. These are commonly referred to as persecution delusions. The therapist is also in a tricky position because he or she must remove the predisposition of the patient to such paranoid experiences towards the people in the surrounding (Zullino et al. 2008). The therapist ought to be in a position to analyze these misinterpretations and false beliefs. The significance of these false beliefs is very important otherwise they could be very consequential. For example, an individual could accidentally be bumped in the passageway and quickly come to a conclusion that it is a plot by the government for him or her to get harassed. He could be alerted by noise from an adjacent apartment at night and may ultimately decide that it was an intentional attempt by the neighbors to interfere with his or her sleep. Every person seems to misinterpret and personalize events and more in particular during stressing moments or fatigue. However, what is characteristic of the schizophrenia and more particularly during an acute session is the predisposition to this conviction and the varying explanations for the experiences as not even valued (Greig et al., 2007). Normally, attempts at discussion or reasoning concerning other possible meanings of the bumping scenario or the noise from the neighborhood can again amount to another conviction that the therapist must be in the plan also. The therapist is therefore left in a tricky position in handling such an issue. It is very imperative for the therapist not to directly tackle the convictions of the patient. Addressing these issues directly would pile on the situation and may not amount to any amicable solution. Making an argument with a delusion will only amount to more anger and extended mistrust. It would therefore be unwise for any therapist to engage in such a process. The beliefs are held tenaciously against each and every reason and they are typically beliefs that are not shared (Cannon et al., 2008). They are held only by the patient. The direct indulgence and inclusion of another person in the matter including the therapist would amount to a disastrous moment. Friends and families should initially realize that delusions are occasioned by illness. It would be very wrong for the therapist, friend and even the family members to assume that the person is being stubborn or acting in a stupid way. Instead, the close associates together with the therapist should take note of these delusions and analyze them in an effort of establishing the condition in the individual. Any effort made to assist the individual should not directly hit or react to the issues that the patient is presenting otherwise the process would be detrimental. The adamant delusions of the patient could be irritating. However, this is not a reason enough to react emotionally towards the delusions. Taunting and threatening the patient will also not be useful at this stage (Cannon et al., 2008). It will only add on to the danger. Assisting the patient will therefore require a disregard of any form of reaction towards the patient. While making an effort to assist the patient, the skills of the therapist must demonstrate discretion. This is because there is always something concerning the delusional belief that people can empathize with. For example, getting bumped in passageways can be annoying. It must make someone feel as if nobody cares and no one is attentive to your importance to be offered an apology or be excused. Presumably, the conviction that an individual is at the core of a plot by the government should derive at least in some way from any fear that an individual is actually very irrelevant or lacking in value. Moreover, to be alerted from sleep during the night is a lousy experience. It is very hard to resume sleep. It takes away all strength. It may create a feeling that those in the neighborhood are not friendly. However, a normal personal must make an effort to stay healthy and strong. Such kind of reasoning could be useful in persuading an individual to look out for medical attention and/or in crease in the persons prescription of medicine in order to help them become strong and strongly fend off any annoyances made by other people. This is a better approach other than telling the person that he or she is deluded and that it was better if he or she went to see a psychiatrist (Chwastiak and Tek, 2009). Delusions make a person very slippery in dealing with him or her. Therefore, it would be important to reduce the stimuli that amount to the formation of delusion. If crowded passageways prompt experiences that amount to ideas of persecution, then the therapist should work on to help the individual avoid them. This includes any other thing that prompts persecution ideas while there are other alternatives. It is important that the individual is assisted to make use of these other alternatives available instead of directly confronting the situation. The emergence of ideas which are delusional whether grandiose or persecutory normally implies that there is a lot emotion and activity. This may even be the fact that there a lot of people within the environs (Warner, 2009). Take an example where a schizophrenia patient says, I think I am the President. A reaction that would be considered unhelpful to this remark would be, That is absolutely absurd. You are mad. On the contrary, a helpful reaction to that remark would be, You must be feeling very special and somehow different this day. Could be it is all the fuss around this place. Let us try a relatively low core routine for the next two days. When while on medication an individual keeps on making reference to left over delusions, a very useful reaction to that would be, That is how you view things. I have explicated that I do not agreewe have to concur to differ. This accepts the perception of the patient although stops meaningless discussion. Thought Disorders These are abnormal or dysfunctional thinking modes (Huang et al., 2007). One of these forms of disorder in thinking is commonly referred to as disorganized thinking. In such a case, the patient gets trouble while organizing thoughts and endeavors to arrange them in a logical order. They could talk in a way that is garbled making it hard for the listener to comprehend. Though blocking is also another form of thought disorder. It occurs when an individual can stop speaking all of a sudden amidst a thought. When the individual is asked the reason why he or she halted the speech, he or she may allege that the thought was removed from the head. Ultimately, the individual with a disorder in thinking could make up inane words in what many people could say that the person is talking nonsense (Dixon et al., 2010). Talking nonsense normally takes place when the individual is in the active stage of schizophrenia. However, it can emerge again when the medications on the person are very low or the patient is in a high stress condition. What the individual says can no longer be understood by the people around. The reason is that the sentences are not well connected in a logical sequence in a manner that brings out sense. Again, it could be due to the reason that there is no point in the stories that the patient tells. The person may also end up talking nonsense as a result of a high frequency in switching of topics taking place in the mind (Warner, 2009). Words could take on very special implications in schizophrenia either due to the way they trigger private connections or due to the attention that is paid to personal sounds instead of the whole words. For example, a word like psychiatry may sound like sigh Kaya tree and the topic could instantly change from a discussion on issues of psychiatry to one that discusses mystical trees. Particular words could be shunned since they sound evil or may be harsh. In other occasions, intonations are modified due to the same reasons. On a different occasion, the language is utilized as an invocation to fend off any kind of threat. The difficulty that is experienced in making sense to other people is a sign of the acute stage of schizophrenia. It is almost difficult to converse with schizophrenia patients when they are at this stage and it can indeed be exasperating to the family members (Kneisl and Trigoboff, 2009). In an effort of assisting the patient, non-verbal communication can play a very significant role. Communication by way of writing can be very useful. Thoughts tend to come out in a logical manner if they are put in writing. The therapist, be it a friend, a family member or any other person must apply this skill with the seriousness that it deserves. It is not necessary for the therapist to forcefully listen and try to comprehend. This will certainly amount to irritation and headache. When communicating with other people, the therapist should however not speak as though the patient was not present. It would not be a wise idea to mimic or tease the patient. Many people make use of one section of the brain for any matter to do with language and the other section for movement or music or art. If the section meant for the language is disturbed, it could be a wise decision to pay attention on the other section and encourage the patient to either play an instrument, draw, dance, sing or exe rcise. These are very useful communication methods that can help the patient very much. Just like other positive symptoms of schizophrenia, the disturbbances in thinking react to stress reduction and an increased antipsychotic medication. Preoccupations Preoccupations are ideas that are fixed. They may not necessarily be false like is the case with delusions. However, preoccupations are normally given a lot of value. The patient shows an extraordinary regard and importance to these ideas. They normally consume an inordinate amount of time while thinking about them. These ideas normally recur in the life of the patient. Typically, there is a continued growth in the patients worry. The worry is so involving until it ends up being unrealistic. A very common order of events is for the worry to consume a lot of time for the individual at the expense of doing the right thing. The fact that the right thing has not been done is linked to the ill motive of other people. The patient may also rationalize the failure to do what was right as the wish of God. Alternatively, the patient may state that he or she is not in a fit position physically to tackle the task (Pharoah et al., 2010). For instance, the patient may state a very unrealistic explanation that they cannot get up because they are paralyzed. Amazingly, they may allege that they cannot get out of the bed because it is the day of the Lord. Other irritating predispositions are such as, If I get up, I will feel bad. These forms of explanations are very odd and funny claims to many people but to the patient, they are apparently acceptable. They do not seem to understand the reason other people regard their predispositions as excuses. The schizophrenia patients define the facts in a better way than any other form of explanation. The therapist should be careful when handling such a situation. These preoccupations sometimes have a character that is perplexing to them. They appear to be demanding a need for decoding and puzzling them out. It is therefore important not to personalize any irritation that comes from the patient (Nordgaard et al., 2008). The schizophrenia patient uses a lot of time in such a kind of perplexing activity and that is the reason why they think they have tackled many mysteries that other people have not because they did not spent any time at it. When the patient is completely lost in thought, distraction is the last thing that they would expect from anyone. This sends a very important message to anyone who is willing to assist the patient. Intervening at such a point would produce disastrous results rather than useful efforts. The patients at that moment feel that they have important assignments to do. They will therefore not accept any conversation offer or any sharing of activities at such moments. Preoccupations are normally seen in the active stage of schizophrenia although could persist into the convalescent phase (Warner, 2009). They could be in form of daydreams. Even though it would not be wise to interfere with the schizophrenic at that moment, it should not be used as an excuse to let the preoccupations control the patients life including the people that are in the neighborhood. Distraction can be helpful but in an indirect manner as the therapist comes up with a daily structure or routine that does not allow a lot of time for thinking and sitting. The life necessities like food, fresh air, sleep, health, hygiene, exercise and social interactions should be maintained all through. Preoccupations should not be allowed to sidetrack the life of the patient. Increased medication could be needed at such an instance. SecondaryPositive Symptoms of Schizophrenia These secondary positive symptoms of schizophrenia may refer to those positive symptoms that are in essence not positive symptoms of schizophrenia but which occur along the main positive symptoms of schizophrenia. They may exist in the combination of some or all of the positive symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, thought disorder and preoccupations (Warner, 2009). They too have a huge impact in the life of the patient and the family members and therefore should be addressed in an effort of helping the patient. Violent and/or Aggressiveness Violence and/or aggressive behavior are not indeed symptoms of Schizophrenia but when they take place, they do so in line with delusions, jumbled thoughts, hallucinations and delusions. These may also be prompted through stress and subsides in the event of using antipsychotic medication appropriately in the correct amounts. Violent behavior is in most cases frequent signs that have ideally nothing in particular related to schizophrenia. All the same, schizophrenics could also experience the same. This symptom counts in schizophrenia because the disease frightens families and patients and leads to much worry and dread. It is mainly noticeable in young men and can be precipitated through chemical and psychological stimulants. Violence against other people can be said to be as a result of the misinterpretation by the patient concerning the reason and consequent feeling of being isolated. An individual in the acute phase of schizophrenia may not be in a position to overstate the misread and irritation of other people as vehemence. The patient may however see derision in what is regarded as a joke. The patient senses himself in a looming danger when he actually is not and may even strike out in such situations. Violence against the individuals self is very common and can be classified under depression. In an effort to prevent this violence in a schizophrenic, it would be prudent to avoid ridicule, mockery, insult, blame or any form of confrontation (Chwastiak and Tek, 2009). The schizophrenic should be permitted to psychological distance and relative privacy. If violence comes up, it is not wise however to allow it to intimidate others. There is no defined way to handle such violence. The therapists discretion is needed in such an occasion. Important measures should be employed while ensuring the safety all people including the patient. This could require determination and assistances from neighbors and friends. It could require calling for the police if need be. The therapist must know if he or she was not around the scene. The patient through the therapists directives should be assisted to acquire self-control. Moreover, it is always important to keep an updated list of resources that could be useful in the community. This is important as the patient through experience would respond very well to specific neighbors and friends when he or she is distressed, potentially violent and frightened. These neighbors and friends could thus be useful and should be called upon in the event the violent behavior erupts. Anticipating such friends and being ready with an effective action plan would be a very good way of helping the patient and the community at large. Even though violence is a rare occurrence in schizophrenia, it may be a noticeable factor with some patients. If that is the case, it is important to discuss suitable living arrangements and preventive measures as anticipated with the guidance of the therapist (Muller-Vahl and Emrich, 2008). Movement Disorders/Restlessness Movement disorders may emerge as body movements that are agitated. An individual having a disorder of movement repeats particular motions repeatedly. To the other extreme side of it, the patient may end up being catatonic. A catatonic person will hardly move and may not even respond to other people. Well, it may not be a common symptom but it existed when there was no treatment of schizophrenia. Anxiety, agitation, tension and restlessness all refer to more or less the same thing. However, these can be categorized as secondary positive symptoms of schizophrenia as they appear in connection to the main positive symptoms. They are normally occasioned by apprehension and fear as a way of reacting to frightening elements of delusions and hallucinations as well (Warner, 2009). If this is the case, calm and quiet reassurance is required. The patients who exhibit nervousness need somebody to offer stability and explanation. In the same manner, a schizophrenic would need this attention in or der to reduce stress. Medication could also be useful in dealing with anxiety. Restlessness that starts after the patient has begun medication could be a side effect of the drugs (Cullen et al., 2008). If the patient experiences persistent body tremors, reference to the doctor may be important for the purposes of changing the drugs if need be or add another medicine to counteract the effect caused by the initial ones. The patient should not be given stimulants on this occasion. These include tea, cola drinks, cold tablets, coffee and chocolate as they worsen the situation. Sedative medication can be useful although it must only be applied under the doctors prescription. Understanding at this level is very much needed. It is not wise to criticize the patient. It would be useful to accompany the patient in walking, jogging and riding among other activities. Conclusion This research paper has dealt with the positive symptoms of schizophrenia highlighting on their probable cause, nature and treatment. The positive symptoms of schizophrenia can be harmful if the necessary clinical measures are not applied to assist the client. In most cases, it has been found that the schizophrenic situation cannot be confronted directly. A lot of discretion is needed by the therapist and the close associates when dealing with hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders and preoccupations in the lives of schizophrenic patients. It has also been found that there are other symptoms that are actually not positive symptoms but come in conjunction with a part or all of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. The research paper has highlighted these symptoms as secondary positive symptoms of schizophrenia as their presence in the life of the patient can be very consequential if not addressed. Therefore, the positive symptoms of schizophrenia can easily be managed and cont rolled to assist the patient with the implementation of the effective and appropriate therapeutic skills. Buy custom Dealing with Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia essay